Trouble swallowing can be caused by various factors, including:

• Muscle or nerve disorders: Conditions such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or muscular dystrophy can weaken muscles or affect nerve function involved in swallowing.
• Structural abnormalities: Narrowing of the esophagus (esophageal stricture), tumors, or growths in the throat or esophagus can obstruct the passage of food.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux can cause inflammation and narrowing of the esophagus, leading to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
• Esophageal motility disorders: Conditions like achalasia or diffuse esophageal spasm can disrupt the normal movement of food through the esophagus.
• Swallowing disorders: Disorders affecting the coordination or timing of swallowing reflexes, such as oropharyngeal dysphagia.
• Radiation therapy or surgery: Treatment for head, neck, or esophageal cancers can sometimes cause scar tissue or damage that affects swallowing.
• Medications: Certain medications can cause dry mouth or reduce saliva production, making swallowing more difficult.

Common symptoms associated with trouble swallowing include:

• Pain or discomfort: Painful swallowing (odynophagia) or a sensation of food sticking in the throat or chest.
• Coughing or choking: Especially while eating or drinking.
• Regurgitation: Bringing food or liquid back up, often accompanied by a bitter taste.
• Hoarseness: Changes in voice quality due to irritation of the vocal cords.
• Weight loss: Due to avoiding certain foods or reduced intake.

Managing trouble swallowing involves addressing the underlying cause and improving swallowing function. Here are some approaches that may help:

• Dietary modifications: Eating softer foods, cutting food into smaller pieces, or avoiding foods that are difficult to swallow.
• Posture adjustments: Sitting upright while eating and avoiding lying down immediately after meals.
• Swallowing techniques: Practicing swallowing exercises or techniques recommended by a speech-language pathologist (SLP).
• Medications: Prescribed medications to reduce acid reflux, treat underlying conditions, or improve esophageal motility.
• Dilation: A procedure to widen narrowed areas of the esophagus (esophageal dilation) if strictures are present.
• Surgical interventions: In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove obstructions or repair structural abnormalities.

It’s important to seek medical attention if trouble swallowing:

• Persists or worsens over time.
• Is accompanied by pain, regurgitation, or weight loss.
• Causes significant distress or affects daily activities.

For more information about managing trouble swallowing (dysphagia) and its impact on digestive health, contact Digestive System Healthcare to schedule a consultation with our specialists.