Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) refers to open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach, upper small intestine (duodenum), or esophagus due to the erosion caused by stomach acid. These ulcers can cause significant discomfort and, if left untreated, may lead to serious complications such as bleeding or perforation. At Digestive System Healthcare, we specialize in diagnosing and treating peptic ulcer disease to restore digestive health and improve quality of life.
What Causes Peptic Ulcer Disease?
Peptic ulcers occur when the protective mucus layer of the stomach or duodenum is weakened, allowing stomach acid to damage the tissue. Common causes include:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection:
- A bacterial infection that weakens the stomach’s protective lining.
- Prolonged use of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs):
- Medications like aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen can irritate the stomach lining.
- Excess stomach acid production:
- Due to conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or stress.
- Lifestyle factors:
- Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and high levels of stress may exacerbate ulcer development.
What are the Symptoms of Peptic Ulcer Disease?
Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease can range from mild discomfort to severe pain, including:
- Burning or gnawing pain in the stomach, often worse when the stomach is empty.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Loss of appetite.
- Unintended weight loss.
- Bloating or belching.
- Blood in stool (black, tarry stools) or vomit (coffee ground-like appearance), indicating bleeding.
How is Peptic Ulcer Disease Diagnosed?
To diagnose PUD, your doctor may perform the following tests:
- Medical history and physical exam:
- Evaluation of symptoms, medication use, and lifestyle factors.
- Endoscopy:
- A thin tube with a camera is inserted to visualize ulcers in the stomach or small intestine and take tissue samples if necessary.
- H. pylori testing:
- Blood, breath, or stool tests to detect the presence of H. pylori bacteria.
- Imaging tests:
- X-rays or CT scans with a contrast agent to identify ulcers or complications.
What are the Treatment Options for Peptic Ulcer Disease?
Treatment focuses on healing the ulcer, relieving symptoms, and preventing recurrence:
- Antibiotics:
- To eradicate H. pylori infection if present.
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs):
- Medications that reduce stomach acid production and promote healing.
- H2-receptor antagonists:
- Another class of drugs to lower stomach acid levels.
- Antacids:
- To neutralize stomach acid and provide immediate relief.
- Lifestyle modifications:
- Avoid NSAIDs, reduce alcohol and smoking, and manage stress.
- Surgery:
- Rarely required, but may be necessary for complications like perforation or bleeding.