Microscopic Colitis
Microscopic colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic, watery diarrhea. Unlike other forms of colitis, it does not cause visible changes in the colon when viewed with imaging tests or endoscopy. However, inflammation can be detected under a microscope, which is why it is called “microscopic” colitis. This condition typically affects older adults and is more common in women. At Digestive System Healthcare, our team provides expert diagnosis and effective treatment options to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
What Causes Microscopic Colitis?
The exact cause of microscopic colitis is unknown, but several factors may contribute to its development:
- Autoimmune response: The body’s immune system may mistakenly attack the colon lining.
- Medications: Certain drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors, and antidepressants, may trigger the condition.
- Infections: Bacterial or viral infections of the digestive tract may play a role.
- Genetics: A family history of autoimmune diseases may increase susceptibility.
- Smoking: Smoking has been linked to a higher risk of developing microscopic colitis.
What is Microscopic Colitis?
What are the Symptoms of Microscopic Colitis?
Symptoms of microscopic colitis can vary in severity and may include:
- Chronic, watery diarrhea without blood
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Bloating and gas
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Weight loss
These symptoms can come and go, with periods of remission and flare-ups.
How is Microscopic Colitis Diagnosed?
Microscopic colitis requires a thorough diagnostic approach, including:
- Medical history and physical exam: Your doctor will review your symptoms, lifestyle, and medical history.
- Stool tests: These can rule out infections or other causes of diarrhea.
- Colonoscopy: While the colon may appear normal during this procedure, small tissue samples (biopsies) are taken for microscopic examination.
- Blood tests: These can help rule out other conditions, such as celiac disease or infections.
What are the Treatment Options for Microscopic Colitis?
Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing the underlying inflammation. Common options include:
- Dietary changes: Avoiding triggers like caffeine, fatty foods, and artificial sweeteners can help manage symptoms.
- Medications:
- Antidiarrheal drugs: Loperamide can control diarrhea.
- Anti-inflammatory medications: Budesonide is often prescribed to reduce inflammation.
- Immune-suppressing drugs: These may be used for severe cases.
- Stopping certain medications: If a medication is suspected to trigger symptoms, your doctor may recommend an alternative.
- Hydration and nutrient supplementation: To prevent dehydration and nutrient deficiencies caused by chronic diarrhea.