Jaundice
Jaundice is a medical condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Jaundice itself is not a disease but a symptom of various underlying health issues, primarily related to the liver, gallbladder, or pancreas. If you notice symptoms of jaundice, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. Contact Digestive System Healthcare to consult with our specialists for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment.
What are the causes of jaundice?
Jaundice can be caused by several factors, including:
- Liver diseases:
- Hepatitis (viral or alcoholic)
- Cirrhosis
- Liver cancer
- Fatty liver disease
- Bile duct obstructions:
- Gallstones
- Pancreatic tumors
- Bile duct strictures or inflammation
- Hemolytic disorders:
- Hemolytic anemia
- Sickle cell disease
- Thalassemia
- Other causes:
- Gilbert’s syndrome (a genetic condition)
- Certain medications and toxins
- Newborn jaundice (common in infants)
What are the symptoms of jaundice?
In addition to the yellowing of the skin and eyes, jaundice may be accompanied by other symptoms, including:
- Dark-colored urine
- Pale or clay-colored stools
- Itchy skin
- Fatigue and weakness
- Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right side
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Unexplained weight loss
How is jaundice diagnosed?
Diagnosing the cause of jaundice involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and several diagnostic tests. Common tests include:
- Blood tests:
- To measure bilirubin levels and assess liver function
- To check for signs of hemolytic anemia or infection
- Imaging studies:
- Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualize the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts
- To identify any obstructions or abnormalities
- Liver biopsy:
- To examine a small sample of liver tissue for signs of damage or disease
- Other tests:
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to examine the bile ducts
- Genetic testing if a hereditary condition is suspected
What are the treatment options for jaundice?
Treatment for jaundice depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Medication:
- Antiviral or antibacterial drugs for infections
- Medications to manage chronic liver conditions
- Surgical interventions:
- Removal of gallstones
- Treatment of bile duct obstructions
- Tumor removal or other surgical procedures
- Lifestyle changes:
- Avoiding alcohol and certain medications that can harm the liver
- Maintaining a healthy diet and weight
- Supportive care:
- Managing symptoms such as itching and nausea
- Ensuring proper hydration and nutrition
When should you seek medical help for jaundice?
It’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you or someone you know experiences:
- Sudden onset of jaundice
- Severe abdominal pain
- Persistent vomiting
- Changes in mental state, such as confusion or drowsiness
- Symptoms of liver failure, such as swelling in the abdomen or legs
For more information about managing jaundice and its underlying causes, contact Digestive System Healthcare to schedule a consultation with our specialists