Infectious Colitis
Infectious colitis is an inflammation of the inner lining of your colon (large intestine) caused by an infection. This infection can be due to bacteria, viruses, or parasites. The most common symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. While infectious colitis is usually an acute illness that resolves within a week, severe cases can lead to dehydration and other complications. If you’re experiencing symptoms of infectious colitis, Digestive System Healthcare can help. Our specialists can diagnose the cause of your infection and recommend the appropriate treatment plan to get you feeling better fast.
What causes Infectious Colitis?
Several infectious agents can cause colitis, including:
- Bacteria: E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter are some common bacterial culprits.
- Viruses: Rotavirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and norovirus can also cause infectious colitis.
- Parasites: Giardia lamblia is a common parasite that can cause intestinal problems, including colitis.
What are common symptoms of Infectious Colitis?
The most common symptoms of infectious colitis include:
- Diarrhea, which may be watery, bloody, or contain mucus
- Abdominal pain and cramping
- Urgent need to have a bowel movement (tenesmus)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Fever
- Dehydration (symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, and decreased urination)
How is Infectious Colitis diagnosed?
Diagnosing infectious colitis often involves:
- Medical history and physical exam: Your doctor will discuss your symptoms and perform a physical exam to check for dehydration or tenderness in your abdomen.
- Stool test: A stool sample can help identify the specific infectious agent causing your illness.
- In some cases: Additional tests like blood tests or imaging studies (X-ray, CT scan) may be needed to rule out other causes of your symptoms or assess for complications.
What are the treatment options for Infectious Colitis?
Treatment for infectious colitis depends on the cause of the infection. Here’s a general overview:
- Bacterial infections: Antibiotics may be prescribed to eliminate the bacteria.
- Viral infections: There is no specific treatment for viral colitis, but supportive care to manage symptoms like fluids and medications for nausea or vomiting is used.
- Parasitic infections: Antiparasitic medication will be prescribed to eradicate the parasite.
In all cases, staying hydrated is crucial. Your doctor may recommend oral rehydration solutions or intravenous fluids in severe cases.