There are two main types of hemochromatosis:

• Hereditary hemochromatosis: This is the most common type, caused by genetic mutations that affect iron absorption. Inheriting two copies of a mutated gene, one from each parent, significantly increases your risk of developing hemochromatosis.
• Secondary hemochromatosis: This type can develop due to other medical conditions or treatments, such as repeated blood transfusions, chronic anemia requiring iron therapy, or conditions like liver disease that disrupt iron processing.

Hemochromatosis symptoms often develop slowly over many years and may be vague in the early stages. Some common symptoms include:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Joint pain, particularly in the hands, knees, and ankles
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of interest in sex or erectile dysfunction
• Skin discoloration, appearing bronze or grayish
• Diabetes

Diagnosing hemochromatosis typically involves:

• Blood tests: Blood tests can measure iron levels in your blood and detect signs of organ damage.
• Genetic testing: This can identify mutations in the HFE gene associated with hereditary hemochromatosis.
• Liver biopsy: In some cases, a tissue sample from your liver may be needed to assess iron stores and any damage.

Treatment for hemochromatosis focuses on removing excess iron from your body and preventing further buildup. The primary treatment is:

• Phlebotomy: Similar to blood donation, this procedure removes iron-rich blood regularly to reduce iron stores.

In some cases, dietary changes to limit iron intake may also be recommended.

Managing Hemochromatosis

Effective management of hemochromatosis involves:

• Regular phlebotomy treatments: Following your doctor’s recommended schedule for phlebotomy is crucial.
• Maintaining a healthy diet: Limiting iron intake from red meat, organ meats, and iron-fortified foods may be advised.
• Regular monitoring: Regular blood tests and checkups help monitor iron levels and assess your overall health.