Diagnosing H. pylori infection usually involves one or more of the following tests:

• Blood test: Detects antibodies to H. pylori in the blood.
• Stool test: Checks for the presence of H. pylori antigens in the stool.
• Breath test: Measures the presence of carbon dioxide in your breath after ingesting a special substance.
• Endoscopy: Allows direct visualization of the stomach lining to identify H. pylori infection and evaluate for complications such as ulcers.

Treatment for H. pylori infection typically involves a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medications, which may include:

• Antibiotics: To eradicate the bacteria from the digestive tract.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): To reduce stomach acid production and promote healing of the stomach lining.
• Bismuth subsalicylate: A medication that may be included in treatment regimens to help kill the bacteria and protect the stomach lining.

Preventing H. pylori infection can be challenging, as the exact route of transmission is not fully understood. However, practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands before eating and after using the restroom, and avoiding contaminated food and water sources, may reduce the risk of infection.